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The Total Money Makeover

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"What to do isn’t the problem; doing it is."

— Dave Ramsey, The Total Money Makeover (2003)

Introduction

The Total Money Makeover
Full titleThe Total Money Makeover: A Proven Plan for Financial Fitness
AuthorDave Ramsey
LanguageEnglish
SubjectPersonal finance; Debt; Budgeting
GenreNonfiction; Personal finance
PublisherNelson Books
Publication placeUnited States
Media typePrint (hardcover, paperback); e-book; audiobook
Pages223
ISBN978-0-7852-6326-5
Goodreads rating4.2/5  (as of 10 November 2025)
Websitethomasnelson.com

The Total Money Makeover is a personal-finance book by radio host Dave Ramsey that lays out a behavior-first plan—popularized as seven “Baby Steps”—to budget, eliminate consumer debt, and build an emergency reserve.[1][2] First published in 2003 by Nelson Books, the first edition runs 223 pages (ISBN 978-0-7852-6326-5); a revised-and-updated edition followed in 2007, and a 20th-anniversary updated-and-expanded edition arrived on 14 May 2024.[3][4][5] The book uses a “financial fitness” frame and plain, prescriptive prose, with sequential chapters such as “Save $1,000” and “The Debt Snowball” guiding readers through the steps.[6][1] It has been an enduring bestseller—Thomas Nelson reported in August 2017 that it had spent more than 500 weeks on *The Wall Street Journal* lists and had sold over five million copies, and the title continued to chart on ECPA’s overall bestsellers into 2025.[7][8] Backlist momentum has been notable—*Publishers Weekly* recorded more than 33,000 print units in a single week in September 2015, and the book still appeared on a 2021 *The Wall Street Journal* weekly chart.[9][10]

Chapters

Chapter 1 – The Total Money Makeover Challenge

🏁 After building a $4 million real-estate portfolio by age twenty-six, then losing everything over three years and filing bankruptcy with a new baby and a toddler, the narrative pivots to a vow to replace chaos with a plan. The challenge becomes a confrontation with the mirror: winning with money is mostly behavior, not math, and the first task is to accept responsibility for outcomes. Instead of promising secrets, the plan is a simple, step-by-step regimen that trades convenience now for freedom later. The tone is blunt and prescriptive, punctuated by “Dumb Math & Stupid Tax” callouts and short testimonies from ordinary households. The goal is to channel intensity—saying no, delaying purchases, and stacking small wins—to rebuild control. The path is not easy or quick, but it is repeatable, a “proven plan” seen in tens of thousands of stories gathered from radio, live events, and classes. It sets up a sequence of obstacles to clear before the Baby Steps, making mindset change the prerequisite for technique. Psychologically, it deploys a commitment device—the motto—and reframes identity so actions align with a future-focused self; economically, it replaces ad-hoc spending with rule-based budgeting to reduce decision fatigue. Behavioral consistency, not financial complexity, is what compounds progress. IF YOU WILL LIVE LIKE NO ONE ELSE, LATER YOU CAN LIVE LIKE NO ONE ELSE.

Chapter 2 – Denial: I'm Not That Out of Shape

🙈 A fitness vignette sets the scene: neglect leads to flab until a painful look in the mirror forces an honest inventory, then specific obstacles and a training plan. That metaphor carries into a named story—Sara and John—who combined about $75,000 in income, took on “normal” debts, moved into a new home in May, and then in September watched a layoff erase $45,000 of pay, pushing them toward foreclosure and repossession before they finally faced their numbers. Denial thrives because “average” looks fine from the outside; bills get paid until one shock exposes how thin the margin is. Vivid, practical images—belt lines, budgets, and rent-to-own flyers—break the spell of normalcy. Short “Dumb Math & Stupid Tax” boxes show how small rationalizations add up to outsized costs. Testimonies show how writing everything down, switching from credit to cash, and working in sync as a couple turn anxiety into traction. The throughline is urgency without panic: see the problem, name it, and accept the price of change. Psychologically, this section tackles optimism bias and social proof by forcing measurement—net worth, payments, and cash flow—so feedback replaces wishful thinking; behaviorally, it prescribes “focused intensity” to override present bias and make sustained trade-offs feel purposeful. Ninety percent of solving a problem is realizing there is one.

Chapter 3 – Debt Myths: Debt Is (Not) a Tool

🧰 The opening scene is a grocery-store toddler demanding “I want it” now, a cue to how adult purchases often mimic that impulse when credit is easy. It dismantles common claims: that a credit card is required for rentals, hotels, or online transactions (a debit card works), that debit is riskier (issuer rules extend comparable fraud protections), and that paying off a card monthly means “free” money (most people don’t, and plastic nudges higher spend—like the 47% bump observed at fast-food counters). It challenges the idea that teenagers “learn responsibility” via their own cards, noting how aggressive campus marketing normalizes debt before a first paycheck. Myths-and-truths sidebars tie each belief to a cost in cash flow and attention. Stories of households cutting up cards and switching to envelopes show how eliminating payments reclaims income for saving and giving. The cadence is corrective and practical: replace tools that encourage impulse with tools that enforce limits. Psychologically, it relies on delayed gratification and the “pain of paying,” using cash and debit to make spending feel real; economically, it frees the household’s most valuable resource—monthly income—from interest and fees so it can be invested instead of pledged. Your largest wealth-building asset is your income.

Chapter 4 – Money Myths: The (Non)Secrets of the Rich

🏦 On a live call-in show, Dan explains that he added a $42,000 second mortgage to an existing $110,000 first mortgage on a $125,000 house; after a layoff and a new job in another state, he is stuck owing more than the home is worth and can’t sell, a snapshot of how “safe” shortcuts backfire. It widens the lens with a thought experiment: if everyone stopped borrowing overnight the economy would seize, but if Americans phased out debt over fifty years, growth would rise on saving, investing, and giving rather than payments to lenders. Two root errors drive the chase for “secrets”—risk denial (clinging to fragile safety) and easy-money thinking (believing in magic keys). The text debunks shiny hedges by noting gold’s long-run average near 2% since the Napoleonic era and roughly 4.4% over the last fifty years, versus about 12% in a good growth-stock mutual fund, while stressing that volatility and emotions lead many astray. Myth-versus-truth sidebars push back on ideas like “the Cavalry will fund my retirement” and show why responsibility can’t be outsourced. Wealth comes from boring, durable behaviors—not hacks—so the plan rejects shortcuts that trade control for illusion. It relies on disciplined risk-taking and patient accumulation: accept effort, shun schemes, and keep income free for saving and investing rather than collateralizing it. The secrets of the rich don’t exist, because the principles aren’t a secret.

Chapter 5 – Two More Hurdles: Ignorance and Keeping Up with the Joneses

🏃‍♀️ Bob and Sara earn $93,000 a year yet carry a $390,000 balance on a $400,000 house (including a home-equity loan), two $30,000 cars, $52,000 in credit-card debt, and $25,000 in student loans, with just $2,000 in savings and $18,000 in a 401(k)—a polished façade over a negative net worth. Against that social pressure, the first hurdle is ignorance: no one is born knowing money, and while the Census Bureau pegs the average U.S. family’s annual income at roughly $50,000—over $2 million across a working life—schools teach almost nothing about handling it. The second hurdle is approval: *The Millionaire Next Door* research by Tom Stanley shows typical millionaires drive older paid-for cars, live in middle-class neighborhoods, and value security over display, contradicting the “Ken and Barbie” script. Testimonials describe the cost of seeking status—overpriced cars, holiday gifting that strains budgets—and the relief that comes with boundaries, like scaling back Christmas via a family name-draw. A “Dumb Math & Stupid Tax” aside quantifies how off-campus choices or financed lifestyles amplify debt before graduation. Blind spots and status games quietly set traps that income alone can’t fix. Education and a deliberate counterculture—learn the basics, budget together, and downgrade the need for approval—free cash for goals instead of image. Ignorance is not lack of intelligence; it is lack of know-how.

Chapter 6 – Save $1,000 Fast: Walk Before You Run

💵 Maria turns her starter fund into a visible barrier: ten $100 bills in an 8×10 frame from Wal-Mart labeled “In case of emergency, break glass,” hung behind coats so it’s accessible but inconvenient—money repurposed as a protective device. The plan formalizes that instinct: begin with a $1,000 cash buffer (or $500 if household income is under $20,000) because Money magazine reports that 78% of people face a major negative event in any ten-year span. Rather than sprinkling effort everywhere, concentrate on this first step to gain momentum, then move on. Keep the fund liquid and separate—no overdraft linkage, no CDs or mutual funds—and if an alternator eats $300, pause the next step and refill the buffer before proceeding. A “Shocking Stats” note adds urgency: 49% of Americans could cover less than a month of expenses if income stopped. Stories like Lilly’s—$1,200 take-home pay, predatory loans, and her first $500 ever saved—show how small cushions change behavior by replacing fear with control. Emergencies are certain, so a quick, liquid reserve prevents backsliding into debt. It uses friction and salience—easy to reach in crisis but hard to spend casually—so the first win locks in new habits and protects the steps that follow. A leather couch on sale is not an emergency.

Chapter 7 – The Debt Snowball: Lose Weight Fast, Really

❄️ Penny’s car needed a $650 repair, so she used her $1,000 beginner emergency fund and then—per the plan—paused debt payoff to replenish it before restarting, a small but crucial boundary that kept her from reopening a credit card. Baby Step Two works by listing every debt except the home mortgage from smallest balance to largest, paying minimums on all but attacking the smallest with all extra cash, then rolling each freed payment to the next balance. With “gazelle intensity,” many households clear consumer debts in roughly eighteen to twenty months, though some finish faster and others take longer. It also spells out edge cases: include a second mortgage only if it’s less than half of gross annual income; treat most small-business loans as personal if you’ve guaranteed them; delay rental-property mortgages and consider selling rentals to unlock equity. Forms in the book and a strict “get current before you start” rule reduce backsliding and make progress visible. If the emergency fund gets tapped—like Penny’s did—you refill it immediately so surprises don’t become new balances. The real payoff is reclaimed cash flow: eliminating payments frees your most powerful wealth-building tool—your income. Attacking the smallest balances first manufactures quick wins that beat procrastination and build momentum, while rolling payments forward converts fixed obligations into accelerating cash flow that shrinks the payoff timeline. To the exclusion of virtually everything else, I’m getting out of debt!

Chapter 8 – Finish the Emergency Fund: Kick Murphy Out

🆘 Rebecca Gonzalez, a 28-year-old human resources assistant, describes being homeless after a divorce, raising two young children, and relying on credit cards—until building an emergency fund let her pay a truck repair in cash and then methodically refill the account before returning to debt payoff. Reaching this step typically follows 18–20 months of focused intensity: you have $1,000 on hand and no debt but the mortgage, so momentum now funds a full reserve. The target is three to six months of living expenses, usually $5,000–$25,000; for a family that lives on $3,000 a month, $10,000 is a practical floor. Risk data sharpen the why: Money magazine reports that 78 percent of people will face a major unexpected event within ten years; a Gallup poll found 56 percent would reach for a credit card; and a Country Financial Security Index survey showed 49 percent could cover less than a month if income stopped. Clear boundaries keep the fund honest—deductibles, job loss, medical crises, or a blown engine qualify; a sale on a leather couch or a trip to Cancún does not—and couples are urged to discuss, sleep on it, and decide together. Keep the money liquid and easy to access: a plain savings account beats mutual funds or standard CDs that tempt you to borrow rather than cash out, unless a “quick-release” CD allows a penalty-free withdrawal. Stories like Christine, a 69-year-old grandmother who was better off cashing a CD (even with a penalty) than taking a loan, reinforce that liquidity, not yield, is the point. This buffer lowers anxiety and breaks the credit reflex so setbacks don’t undo the snowball, and it functions as self-insurance—trading a small return for a large reduction in risk. A fully funded emergency fund covers three to six months of expenses.

Chapter 9 – Maximize Retirement Investing: Be Financially Healthy for Life

📈 One friend in his forties stays lean by lifting a few times a week and eating sanely, while another in his thirties trains obsessively yet remains forty pounds overweight—the contrast frames retirement saving as a consistency game, not a sprint. Baby Step Four sets a simple rule: invest 15 percent of before-tax income for retirement and don’t count any employer match as part of that percentage. Sequence matters: take any 401(k) or 403(b) match first, then fully fund Roth IRAs—up to $5,000 per person in this edition—and, if needed, add 401(k)/403(b)/457/TSP or SEPP contributions to reach 15 percent. A worked example shows the math: on $81,000 of household income, a 3 percent match on a $45,000 salary adds $1,350; two Roth IRAs total $10,000; bumping the 401(k) to 5 percent brings the annual invested amount to about $12,250, meeting the 15 percent goal. For allocation, the plan splits contributions across four mutual-fund types—growth, growth and income (an S&P index qualifies), international, and aggressive growth—favoring funds with five- to ten-year track records. A Roth illustration underscores compounding: investing $3,000 a year from age 35 to 65 at a 12 percent average yields roughly $873,000 tax-free, with only $90,000 contributed. For withdrawal, it sketches an 8 percent “dream number” if returns average 12 percent and inflation runs 4 percent, so the nest egg grows even while funding income. Treating 15 percent as a mandatory bill builds an identity of steady investors and keeps emotions out of the timing, while tax-advantaged accounts, employer matches, and diversified equity funds let compound growth and tax deferral do the heavy lifting. It is never too late to start.

Chapter 10 – College Funding: Make Sure the Kids Are Fit Too

🎓 Craig (age 55) and Karen (age 52) of Seymour worried their daughter would graduate deep in debt, so they mapped a cheaper path: two years at a nearby community college—she drove 20 miles each way—then a transfer to a four-year school after earning three scholarships; she would finish with no student loans. Set the purpose before the purchase: college is valuable, but a diploma alone does not guarantee jobs, wealth, or maturity. Parents panic because “everyone” borrows, yet FinAid.org reports that about 70 percent of students take loans for school expenses, proof that normal is broke. Follow rules that match reality: pay cash, favor in-state or community college when needed, and skip expensive pedigrees you can’t afford. Use the right vehicles: an Education Savings Account lets you invest up to $2,000 per child per year (household income below $220,000), which at a 12% average could grow to about $126,000 tax-free by age eighteen—far more than prepaid tuition estimates. If limits apply or goals are larger, add a 529 plan, avoiding “life phase” and rigid fixed-portfolio options that hand control to a plan manager. Make the numbers concrete with a monthly target: project costs in today’s dollars, assume 12% returns and 4% inflation, and save the difference—early, automatic, and consistent. In practice, cash-flowing classes, living at home, and working during semesters beat borrowing for lifestyle. The thread is restraint and planning: prioritize retirement first, then fund college so kids graduate with options instead of payments. Behaviorally, swapping status for strategy breaks herding pressure and gives families a repeatable system that can outpace tuition inflation. Stay away from loans; make plans to avoid borrowing.

Chapter 11 – Pay Off the Home Mortgage: Be Ultrafit

🏠 Carla (age 38) and Joe (age 43) Schubeck began in 2002 with a home-equity loan, credit-card balances, a $30,000 mortgage, and no emergency fund; they held a garage sale that cleared over $500, worked extra jobs—including a second part-time cleaning gig—and in September 2005 made the last house payment. Baby Step Six is the marathon finish: with 15% going to retirement and college funded, every dollar above living costs attacks principal. Ignore two big myths. First, the tax deduction is no bargain: paying $10,000 in mortgage interest to “save” $3,000 in taxes is still a $7,000 loss. Second, borrowing against the house to invest looks smart until you adjust for taxes, risk, and real-life shocks; debt multiplies downside when markets or jobs wobble. Shorter terms matter: on a $225,000 loan at 7%, the 30-year costs $1,349 a month and $485,636 in interest, while the 15-year runs $1,899 and $341,762—$550 more each month but about $143,874 less in interest. Don’t count on willpower: the FDIC notes that 97.3% of people don’t systematically pay extra, so use a 15-year fixed or pre-program extra principal. Skip ARMs and balloons that shift risk to you; use a simple break-even test before refinancing and insist on a zero-point (“par”) quote. The practical goal is freedom, not clever math—no payments at all. Removing the last giant bill cements a new identity and reduces fragility, and killing interest unlocks cash flow that compounds in later steps. Attack that home mortgage with gazelle intensity.

Chapter 12 – Build Wealth Like Crazy: Arnold Schwarzedollar, Mr. Universe of Money

🏋️ On the radio a caller named Michael asked about buying a Harley-Davidson; after a few questions he revealed he had earned about $650,000 last year, averaged roughly $550,000 over five years, and held around $20 million in investments—on that base, a $20,000 toy was fine. Baby Step Seven is about using your financial “muscle” with intention: have fun within margins, keep investing, and give generously. Keep investing simple—mature investors ride market waves with quality funds and time in the market, not clever trades—and let your money, not your mood, drive decisions. Aim for the “Pinnacle Point,” when your nest egg can throw off about 8% a year so investment income more than covers living costs. Manage your own money: assemble wise counselors, but never abdicate control, and be wary of products that add complexity without value. Giving scales here: a friend buys seventy-five new bikes each Christmas for kids in a local housing project; another pastor’s congregation quietly distributed $50,000 in $100 bills across their city; “Secret Santa” Larry Stewart of Kansas City handed out $100 bills around the holidays for years—about $25,000 annually—and ultimately gave more than $1.3 million. Stories like Keith and Karen McGinty’s—paying off a $50,000 mortgage and adopting while living on a teacher’s salary—show how wealth fuels purpose, not pride. Disciplined abundance is the heart of this step: enjoy within limits, keep investing steadily, and bias toward generosity so money serves larger aims. To have FUN, INVEST, and GIVE.

Chapter 13 – Live Like No One Else

✨ After diets, workouts, and miles of budgeting, the final test is prosperity itself: wealth can become a “walled city” if you start trusting money for peace and identity. Treat affluence as a tool, not a god; as Randy Alcorn warns in Money, Possessions, and Eternity, “affluenza” tempts the comfortable to chase meaning in stuff and end up empty. Hold a better definition: not the love of money but the love of money’s power corrupts, and—as Dallas Willard put it—character shows in how you choose to use riches, not in being used by them. Model this at home: expect work, saving, giving, and spending wisdom from kids so wealth becomes a responsibility, not an excuse. Wealth magnifies who you are; cultivate generosity so having more makes you more kind, not more anxious. Keep your heart aimed at service—church outreach, quiet gifts, ordinary neighborliness—so money flows through you rather than pooling around you. The destination is hope: a life makeover, not just a money makeover, where you finish with dignity, influence, and a family tree bent toward freedom. In plain terms, leave the classroom and do the work; these age-old principles are simple, demanding, and open to anyone who will commit. Anchoring wealth to purpose guards against materialism, and staying debt-free and invested keeps options open so you can act when needs and opportunities appear. It is time for you to become a gazelle.

—Note: The above summary follows the Nelson Books revised and updated edition (2007; ISBN 978-0-7852-8908-1).[4]

Background & reception

🖋️ Author & writing. Dave Ramsey is a long-running U.S. personal-finance broadcaster; his call-in program began in 1992 and today reaches a multi-million weekly audience.[11] Ramsey’s own 1988 bankruptcy informed his debt-averse, behavior-first approach that underlies the book.[12] *The Total Money Makeover* adopts a “financial fitness” motif and step-by-step voice; the Library of Congress table of contents shows chapters such as “Save $1,000,” “The Debt Snowball,” and “Debt Myths.”[13][1] The program is packaged as seven “Baby Steps,” culminating in mortgage payoff and long-term wealth building.[14] After the 2007 revision, a 20th-anniversary updated-and-expanded edition arrived on 14 May 2024, adding material on marriage conflict and college debt.[4][5] Reviewers frequently describe the prose as plainspoken and prescriptive, with success stories interleaved to illustrate the steps.[15]

📈 Commercial reception. Thomas Nelson reported in August 2017 that the book had logged more than 500 weeks on *The Wall Street Journal* lists and surpassed five million copies sold.[16] The title continued to surface on WSJ charts years later—for example, the week ended 14 August 2021—and has remained a fixture on ECPA’s overall bestsellers (e.g., #2 in February 2020 and charting again in October 2025).[17][18][19] Backlist strength has been notable; *Publishers Weekly* recorded more than 33,000 print units in a single week in September 2015 for the Classic Edition.[20]

👍 Praise. Business Insider highlighted the book’s “bold” no-quick-fix approach that targets the reader’s habits (“gets to the bottom of money problems: you”).[21] Bookreporter praised its “simple and straightforward” principles—pay cash, retire debts from smallest to largest, build an emergency fund—and its clear answers to common questions.[22] The American Library Association’s Financial Literacy guide lists the title as a “straightforward method” for organizing one’s financial life and managing money.[23]

👎 Criticism. Commentators have challenged elements of the program and ancillary investment guidance: Investopedia argues that pausing 401(k) contributions while paying off debt can forfeit employer matches and long-run compounding, recommending a more nuanced approach.[24] WealthManagement questioned the reasonableness of assuming a 12% expected return and an 8% withdrawal rate, calling the targets unrealistic for planning.[25] On debt-repayment ordering, outlets note that the “Debt Snowball” can cost more interest than an “Debt Avalanche” strategy—even if some users prefer snowball’s motivational benefits.[26][27]

🌍 Impact & adoption. The book appears in public-sector and academic financial-literacy collections, including the American Library Association’s guide and university/library resource pages.[28][29] Local governments and libraries have used it in community finance programming—for example, Cumberland County, Virginia, offered copies as part of a four-week financial management class in 2022.[30] Commercially, its long-run presence on ECPA and *WSJ* lists has kept the “Baby Steps” vocabulary visible in workplace and church-based financial-wellness contexts.[31][32]

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Publisher description for The total money makeover : a proven plan for financial fitness". Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  2. ↑ "10 online courses, books, and podcasts that can help you master your money". Business Insider. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  3. ↑ "The total money makeover : a proven plan for financial fitness". WorldCat. OCLC. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The total money makeover: a proven plan for financial fitness — Rev. and updated (2007)". Marmot Library Network. Boulder Public Library. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "The Total Money Makeover Updated and Expanded". Thomas Nelson. HarperCollins Christian Publishing. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  6. ↑ "Table of contents for The total money makeover : a proven plan for financial fitness". Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  7. ↑ "The Total Money Makeover Hits The Wall Street Journal Bestseller List More Than 500 Weeks". PR Newswire. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  8. ↑ "Christian Bestsellers, October 2025". Christian Book Expo. Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  9. ↑ "The Weekly Scorecard: Tracking Unit Print Sales for Week Ending September 28, 2015". Publishers Weekly. 26 September 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  10. ↑ "Bestselling Books Week Ended August 14". The Wall Street Journal. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  11. ↑ "Listen to or Watch The Ramsey Show". Ramsey Solutions. Ramsey Solutions. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  12. ↑ "Dave Ramsey, Founder and CEO". Ramsey Solutions. Ramsey Solutions. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  13. ↑ "Table of contents for The total money makeover : a proven plan for financial fitness". Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  14. ↑ "10 online courses, books, and podcasts that can help you master your money". Business Insider. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  15. ↑ "The Total Money Makeover: A Proven Plan for Financial Fitness (review)". Bookreporter. 11 September 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  16. ↑ "The Total Money Makeover Hits The Wall Street Journal Bestseller List More Than 500 Weeks". PR Newswire. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  17. ↑ "Bestselling Books Week Ended August 14". The Wall Street Journal. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  18. ↑ "Christian Bestsellers, February 2020". Christian Book Expo. Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  19. ↑ "Christian Bestsellers, October 2025". Christian Book Expo. Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  20. ↑ "The Weekly Scorecard: Tracking Unit Print Sales for Week Ending September 28, 2015". Publishers Weekly. 26 September 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  21. ↑ "19 books to read if you want to get rich". Business Insider. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  22. ↑ "The Total Money Makeover: A Proven Plan for Financial Fitness (review)". Bookreporter. 11 September 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  23. ↑ "Books – Financial Literacy in Public Libraries: A Guide for Librarians". American Library Association. American Library Association. 13 June 2025. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  24. ↑ "Why Dave Ramsey is Wrong About "Pausing 401(k) Contributions"". Investopedia. 26 October 2025. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  25. ↑ "Adjusted for Risk: Is Dave Ramsey's 12% Expected Return and 8% Withdrawal Rate Reasonable?". WealthManagement. 11 December 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  26. ↑ "Debt snowball vs. debt avalanche: Which is better?". Business Insider. 30 April 2025. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  27. ↑ Amar, Moty; Ariely, Dan; Ayal, Shahar; Cryder, Cynthia E.; Rick, Scott I. (2011). "Winning the Battle but Losing the War: The Psychology of Debt Management". Journal of Marketing Research. 48 (SPL): S38 – S50. doi:10.1509/jmkr.48.SPL.S38. Retrieved 10 November 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ "Books – Financial Literacy in Public Libraries: A Guide for Librarians". American Library Association. American Library Association. 13 June 2025. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  29. ↑ "U.S. Bank Financial Wellness Collection". Park University Library. Park University. 8 August 2025. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  30. ↑ "Board of Supervisors Minutes, 8 February 2022". Cumberland County, Virginia. Cumberland County. 8 February 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  31. ↑ "Christian Bestsellers, February 2020". Christian Book Expo. Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
  32. ↑ "Bestselling Books Week Ended August 14". The Wall Street Journal. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2025.
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